This paper provides a rationale for the revival of protectionism, based on the rise of the educated class. In a trade …, which can be attenuated through taxation. By playing a two-stage political game, citizens decide on trade openness and the … extent of redistribution. In this setting, trade liberalization is politically viable as long as the losers from trade are …

Industrialization is vital for inclusive and sustainable global development. The two engines of industrialization … - innovation and trade - are in danger of being compromised by the COVID-19 pandemic, under conditions increasingly reminiscent of … concentration and dominance, and the multilateral trade system had been buckling under pressure from a return to mercantilist ideas …

subsidy spurs global demand for food and confers a terms-of-trade benefit to the food-exporting nation. This might encourage … subsidization. Terms-of-trade effects wash out between trading nations; hence, any policy intervention by the two trading nations … that raises crude use must be jointly suboptimal. -- Optimal biofuel subsidy ; Pigouvian tax ; terms-of-trade ; pollution …

countries. These costs are heavily influenced by economic policy. What is not well understood is how international trade affects … shows that entry subsidies in the Nash-equilibrium are first increasing, then decreasing in the level of trade openness … with international trade openness indices we empirically confirm this theoretical prediction. -- Firm entry ; subsidies …

standards and efficiency wages are related. In a more general setting where the probability of detection depends upon the …

This paper explores the role of country asymmetries for trade and industrial policies with heterogeneous firms. Our … analysis delivers a number of novel results. First, trade policies, infrastructure policies and industrial policies which …, symmetric trade liberalization is immiserizing for a trading partner whose business conditions are inferior. Third, there are …

consumers has inspired the development of a new brand of trade theory, the theory of heterogeneous firms and trade. The … framework to bring out key lessons of this recent research. We address the gains from trade, country asymmetries involving … technology potentials, market sizes, trade openness and various business conditions as well as the international repercussions …

Even if free trade creates net welfare gains for a country as a whole, the associated distributional implications can … undermine the political viability of free trade. We show that trade-related redistribution increases the political viability of … free trade in the US. We do so by assessing the causal effect of expected redistribution associated with the US Trade …