innovation-friendly environment, resulting in a low export ratio given the small size of the country and its long-time EU …

Federal research funding to universities is often based on a desire to stimulate innovation - so that they spend … innovation and productivity growth. In this paper we use new data to examine how the main organizational structure used to train …

research is needed to elaborate the design of systems of public procurement of AI innovation and for appropriately adjusting … the legal frameworks underpinning high-tech innovation, in particular dealing with patents created by AI. …

manufacturing sector of South Korea. Firms' behavior is defined according to empirical findings on the Korean Innovation Survey 2005 …' likelihood to participate in cooperation with other organizations when conducting innovation activities. These determinants are … cooperation in innovation. The findings indicate possible appropriate (or non-appropriate) policy strategies to be applied …

how it they are influenced by a country's "innovation system". Substitution depends on demand and production elasticities …, and other factors influenced by the innovation system. Making use of World Economic Forum data we estimate the … relationship for thirteen countries and find that countries with poor innovation capabilities substitute robots for workers much …

which governments shape innovation, and dwarf all other public subsidies for innovation. We examine the impact of government …

, particularly of university scientists, is positively related to innovation; (vi) there are many university spin-offs but these are …

Current literature on the impact assessment of government innovation subsidies is mainly empirical driven and lacks an … improve the effectiveness of government support for innovation. …

This paper examines rates of return to schooling in Kazakhstan using OLS and instrumental variable (IV) methodologies … underestimate the true rates of return. The results indicate that the returns to schooling in Kazakhstan have increased with … transition. This may reflect the relative scarcities of highly educated people in Kazakhstan with human capital that employers …

from Bulgaria, Russia, Kazakhstan and Serbia in 2003, we show that the return to education is heterogeneous across the …