European firms have increasingly invested in training of employees but differences across countries and types of firms … remain - and the Covid-19 shock may have exacerbated them. This report analyses European firms' investment in training over … the last six years examining trends, factors supporting training investment as well as the impact of the Covid-19 shock …

This paper examines a training intervention aimed at boosting leadership and communication skills among employees of a … the training on store- and individual- level productivity. The intervention was more effective in boosting leadership than … findings confirm the possibility of increasing productivity through training targeting critical soft-skills. …

be driven by higher-skilled workers. The results for training are less clear, but suggest that higher-skilled immigration … may have a positive impact on the training of native workers. We discuss the implications for post-Brexit immigration …

extensive use of temporary workers. Furthermore, these effects are at work only for the use of non-training temporary contracts …, while training temporary contracts are not affected by unions, volatility and their interplay. We argue that this occurs … because non-training temporary contracts can be used by firms as a buffer stock to cope with uncertainty and by unions to …

of the returns to general training and be willing to pay for it despite its general nature. However this outcome is not … efficient, in the sense that too few workers are trained and workers who are hired receive too little training. We consider how … different institutions can affect this inefficiency. Industry-level minimum wages can remove the training inefficiency and …

complexity and its training requirements. When two tasks are equally complex, firms will automate the task that requires more … training and in which labor is hence more expensive. Under quite general conditions this leads to job polarization, a decline …. The model makes novel predictions regarding occupational training requirements, which we find to be consistent with US …

In this paper, we study whether Swiss employers substitute between training apprentices and hiring cross-border workers …. Because both training apprentices and hiring skilled workers are costly for firms, we hypothesize that (easier) access to … cross-border workers will lead some employers to substitute away from training their own workers. We account for potential …