How does effort respond to being graded and ranked? This paper examines the effects of non-financial incentives on test … non-financial incentives play an important role in motivating highly skilled students to exert more effort. We find …

This paper examines a quasi-experiment in which we encourage student effort by setting various weekly incentives to … student effort, and ii) controlled cross-group variation in assessment weighting. Assessment weighting strongly encourages … quiz participation, without displacing effort over the year. We estimate the return to a quiz at around 0.15 of a standard …

gift reciprocate with greater loyalty and effort. But ESPPs diverge from standard gift exchange or efficiency wage models … performance of the firm and the effort of workers in total. For workers who buy subsidized shares, an ESPP sets up a group … costs of work effort and may explain why they are more productive than those who do not join the ESPP. These findings …

comes from effort rather than luck regardless of their income position; (4) the effect of social mobility on inequality …

We examine worker effort as a potential margin of adjustment to a minimum wage hike using unique data on piece rate … the pre-2009 productivity distribution, we provide evidence consistent with incumbent workers' positive effort responses. …

(compensation principle) and effort is rewarded (reward principle). We propose a new version of the reward principle based on the … idea that effort deserves reward for it is costly. We show that luck can be introduced in two ways in the definition of … correlation between luck and effort should be rewarded. In this regard, the timing of luck with respect to effort decisions is …

positive feedback to the worker after the worker has chosen effort (ex post communication). The results indicate that feedback … can help sustain cooperate behaviour (high effort provision), but only if the wage offered is high enough. Feedback … reinforces reciprocity concerns on the behalf of the worker. In particular positive messages (praising) leads to higher effort …

that show, in a very general setting, that the choice between work effort and leisure under given linear incentives depends … on how the attendant financial risk interacts with effort. We find that if the risk multiplies with effort, risk …-averse individuals work less, whereas under additive risk effort choice is little affected by risk preferences. Our findings complement …