Between mid-1939 and mid-1943 almost 2.2 million additional women were recruited into Britain's essential war … industries. These consisted, predominantly, of young women recruited into metal and chemical industries. Much of the increased … of Engagement Order whereby women between the ages of 18 and 40 who either entered the labour market or who changed …

We study the effect of permanent income innovations on health for a prime-aged population. Using information on more … aggregate data by date-of-birth cohort to construct a 'synthetic cohort' dataset with details of income, expenditure, socio … incomes over the eighties and nineties to uncover causal effects of permanent income shocks on health. We find that such …

This paper examines the long-run effects of the 1980-1982 recession on education and income. Using confidential Census … capita in their county of birth reduces four-year college degree attainment by 10 percent and income in adulthood by 3 … graduates and $42-$87 billion less earned income per year. …

This paper estimates the impact of elite school attendance on long-run outcomes including completed education, income …, we find that elite school attendance had large impacts on completed education. For women, we find that elite school …

In this paper, we empirically assess the causal relationship between trade and individual income risk and study the … from 1976 to 2012. Our estimates suggest substantial heterogeneity in labor income risk across workers in different entry … exports (per worker) are strongly and causally related to income risk: Imports increase risk and exports decrease risk, and …