services deprivation score (BSDS), which includes variables that affect health, such as access to piped water, latrines, solid … services, thereby increasing vulnerability to poor health outcomes. To quantify deprivation for each slum, we construct a basic … waste disposal, schools, and health centers. In a regression analysis, we find a robust association between non …

girl's education suffers when her greater water need for female hygiene purposes after menarche is not met because her … household has poor access to water. For testing we use data from rural villages in the China Health and Nutrition Survey. We …We investigate girls' school dropout rates, bringing forward a novel variable: access to water. We hypothesise that a …

field experiment of Community-Led Total Sanitation in Indonesia, we find that villages with high initial social capital … built toilets and reduced open defecation, resulting in substantial health benefits. In villages with low initial stocks of …

that all of the sanitation and health benefits accrue from villages where resource agencies implemented the program, while …This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a widely used sanitation intervention, Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS … constraints faced by poorer households limit their ability to improve sanitation. We also examine the program's scale up process …

age (degradation) of water pipes and lack of complementary sanitation infrastructure play important roles in attenuating …Historically, improvements in the quality of municipal drinking water made important contributions to mortality decline … in wealthy countries. However, water disinfection often does not produce equivalent benefits in developing countries …

We exploit exogenous variation in the risk of waterborne disease created by implementation of a major water reform in … differentiated impacts is that the water reform induces parents to make complementary investments in education that favor girls … water provision to narrow test score gaps across countries and, within countries, across gender. …

that more educated women complied more with the program's water disinfection training, highlighting that even simple, low …-cost technologies require final users' compliance ("the last mile") to be effective. In the context of growing water scarcity …, adaptation policies can foster neonatal health and thus have positive long-run implications. …

productivity from adoption of genetically modified soybeans and look at externalities across municipalities sharing the same water … externality effects of glyphosate use on populations distant from the original locations of use, but receiving water from these …

This paper examines the effect of income polarisation on individual health. We argue that polarisation captures much … better the social tension and conflict that underlie some of the pathways linking income disparities and individual health … polarisation has a detrimental effect on health. We also find that the way the relevant population subgroups are defined is …