stagnant export shares. The limited export competitiveness has hampered external demand, growth and employment. Applying, for … misalignments. Intra-regional trade - both with North Africa and the rest of the continent - together with greater orientation to … fast growing emerging markets could also raise countries' external competitiveness. …

imports had spill-overs beyond these sectors. Finally, the effects of trade-induced demand shocks dissipate after about two …

. Gender differences in competitiveness have been proposed as a potential explanation. Using an incentivized measure of … competitiveness, this paper investigates whether competitiveness explains future gender differences in earnings and industry choice in … counterparts do. Moreover, gender differences in competitiveness explain around 10% of the overall gender gap. We also find that …

measure the competitiveness of gay, lesbian and straight panel members. For differences in competitiveness to partially … more competitive than other women. Our findings confirm this competitiveness hypothesis for men, but not for women. Gay men … data, we show that competitiveness is a significant predictor of earnings. Differences in competitiveness can account for a …

decision to compete. We exploit a highly competitive environment in which elite-female athletes are exposed to the presence of …

speculation that a gender difference in competitiveness contributes to the gender wage gap. Using data from the NLSY79 and NLSY97 … - suggesting an increasing role for competitiveness in explaining the gender wage gap. …

We present evidence on the role of the social environment for the development of gender differences in competitiveness … and earnings expectations. First, we document that the gender gap in competitiveness and earnings expectations is more … between the competitiveness of mothers and their daughters, but not between the competitiveness of mothers and their sons …

In this study, we examine the influence of competitiveness on the stability of labour relations using the example of … growing evidence on the external relevance of competitiveness by analysing gender differences in the correlation between … competitiveness and labour market success and whether these effects depend on how the students' propensity to compete is measured. By …