- the case of Portugal; 2) a positive but stable role of education in terms of inequality - Austria, Finland, France …, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK; 3) a neutral role - Denmark and Italy; and 4) a negative impact … - Germany and Greece. We thus find that in most countries dispersion in earnings increases with educational levels and that …

The authors compare a firm's costs and benefits of providing apprenticeship training in Austria and Switzerland, using … pay in Austria, which in turn is associated with collective bargaining agreements and competition with alternative school …

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, more than 3 million people with German ancestors immigrated to Germany under a … authorities across regions upon arrival, we find that immigration significantly increases crime. The crime impact of immigration … substantially stronger effects in regions with high preexisting crime levels or large shares of foreigners. …

Millions of refugees made their way to Europe between 2014 and 2015, with over one million arriving in Germany alone …. Yet, little is known about the impact of this inflow on labor markets, crime, and voting behavior. This article uses … increases in crime in particular with respect to drug offenses and fare-dodging. Our analysis further suggests that counties …

diversion failed as increasing shares of dismissals by prosecutors and judges enhance crime rates in Germany. Crime is …. -- Econometrics of crime ; evaluation of policy reforms ; panel econometrics …

prisoner health care by installing effective anti-drug programmes would be one of the most effective measures against crime …