We provide the first analysis of racial in-group bias in Type-I and Type-II errors. Using player-referee matched data … from NBA games we show that there is no overall racial bias or in-group bias in foul calls made by referees. Similarly …, there is no racial bias or in-group bias in Type-I errors (incorrect foul calls). On the other hand, there is significant in …

DNA exoneration rates across races among defendants convicted for the same crime in the same state provides an upper bound …

We evaluate whether California's state proposition 47 impacted state violent and property crime rates. Passed by the …-level crime rates that exploit heterogeneity in the effects of the proposition on local criminal justice practices. We find little … evidence of an impact on violent crime rates in the state. Once changes in offense definitions and reporting practices in key …

approximate 20 percent decline in total property crime arrests, and shifts in the composition of arrests away from felonies …

sentences for even first-time offenders, but also because the eligibility quantities for crack are very small when compared to … large fraction of mandatory minimum eligible offenders, particularly first-time offenders, are able to avoid these mandatory … minimums. Moreover, despite lower quantity eligibility thresholds for crack, a smaller fraction of crack offenders are eligible …

characteristics of the young offenders. The juvenile punishment experiment was initially conducted in certain criminal courts only and …This paper estimates the effect of a rehabilitative punishment on the post-release outcomes of juvenile criminals using … rehabilitative program was aimed at improving the social skills and labor market attachment of young offenders aged 15 to 17. A …