that show, in a very general setting, that the choice between work effort and leisure under given linear incentives depends …

crowding out due to low-powered incentives. High-powered incentives in the workplace tend to increase output, but it is unknown … also extends to high-powered incentives, in a real work setting with paid workers. There is individual heterogeneity …

Empirical studies of the principal-agent relationship find that extrinsic incentives work in many instances, linking … drive to work to master a skill or to improve one's self image, is thought to be the key to whether incentives work or not …. If the incentives crowd-out intrinsic motivation, and the effect is large enough, the net motivational effect on effort …

performance of the treatment stores. As predicted by theory, we find that treatment stores that lag far behind do not respond to … the incentives, while the responsiveness of treatment stores close to winning a bonus increases in relative performance …

that increase the incentives of relatively more able workers, heterogeneity is unlikely to be as detrimental as commonly … perceived for incentives in organizations with multiple hierarchy levels. Heterogeneity of the workforce may even be optimal … from the perspective of a firm that provides incentives using a multi-stage promotion contest. …

an experiment with piece-rate incentives we find that the comparative static and the point predictions on effort … induced values, which is useful for theory-testing purposes as well as for applications. …