; Germany ; short-time work ; unemployment ; labor market institutions ; internal flexibility … miracle. In response to the crisis, Germany has shown to be a strong case of internal flexibility. We argue that important … reforms, the nature of the crisis affecting mainly export-oriented companies in Germany, the extension of short-time work, the …

We study the development of teenage fertility in East and West Germany using data from the German Socioeconomic Panel … teenage age and education, with the income of the teenager's family, with migration status, residence in East Germany, and … aggregate unemployment. Our evidence supports countercyclical teenage fertility. …

the extent to which the experience of parental unemployment during childhood affects young people's far right … unemployed parents and right-wing extremism, with xenophobia in particular. This paper uses differences in unemployment levels … between East and West Germany, both before and after reunification, to investigate a causal relationship. Instrumental …

Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), we show that single women in East Germany are significantly … more likely to give birth to a child than single women in West Germany. This applies to both planned and unplanned births …. Our analysis provides no evidence that the difference between East and West Germany can be explained by economic factors …

reduce inequality. We study the local and aggregate effects of collective bargaining in Italy and Germany. The two countries … West more productive than the East in Germany - but have adopted different models of wage bargaining. Italy sets wages … based on nationwide contracts that allow for limited local wage adjustments, while Germany has moved toward a more flexible …