systematic fashion. Using newly digitized mortality data at the municipal level for the period 1900-1917, we explore the … requirement was associated with a 6 percent decrease in pulmonary TB mortality, while the opening of a state-run sanatorium was … associated with an almost 4 percent decrease in pulmonary TB mortality. However, these and other anti-TB measures can explain, at …

. In this paper, we explore how access to the hospital and modern medicine affects mortality. We do so by leveraging a …-supported hospital reduced infant mortality by 10%, saving one life for every $20,000 (2017 dollars) spent. Effects were larger for Black … infants (16%) than for White infants (7%), implying a reduction in the Black-White infant mortality gap by one-third. We show …

reduced maternal mortality by 6 to 7 percent. In addition, we find that requiring midwives to be licensed may have had led to … modest reductions in nonwhite infant mortality and mortality among children under the age of 2 from diarrhea. These estimates …

RFS on world food prices and their impact on household level consumption and wage incomes in India. We first develop a … effect of the price shock on household welfare through consumption and wage incomes. Poor rural households suffer significant …