marked gender differences in the pay structure: namely, women CEOs receive a lower proportion of fixed to total compensation … structure - an hypothesis that is empirically supported in our data. …

2007 and has only slowly increased during the period 1997-2007. We test three hypotheses on female board representation … board of directors tend to have significantly fewer other non-staff board members. We find clear evidence of a tokenism … behavior in Danish companies. Having one non-staff woman on the board is negatively related to the chance of hiring another …

This paper provides empirical evidence consistent with the facts that (1) social networks may strongly affect board … directors. Networks of former high ranking civil servants are the most active in shaping board composition. Our identification …

relationship with performance. Board turnover instead is unrelated to performance but is related to the firm's ownership structure …This paper studies the turnover of board of directors members in a sample of 72 companies listed on the Milan Stock … Exchange during the period 1988-1996. We investigate whether board members change more frequently when company performance is …

This paper provides new evidence on the structure, dynamics and performance effects of corporate boards in publicly … foreign and female directors. It also shows that board characteristics are linked to company performance (the market … Russia. Testing for structural breaks in the relationship between board composition and firm performance provides some …

independence of educators may be distorted by interest groups. The key empirical challenge is that school board composition is … empirical strategy is that ballot order effects generate quasi-random variation in the elected school board's composition. This … approach is made possible by a unique dataset that combines election information about California school board candidates with …

across 41 advanced and emerging European economies. We demonstrate that gender board diversity has generally increased, yet … management boards among both private and public firms: the same factor may exhibit a positive correlation to a management board …, and a negative correlation to a supervisory board, or vice versa. We interpret these findings as evidence that country …