.e. labor market earnings losses after child birth. This study analyses the long run effects of a German paid parental leave … the fact that only mothers whose child is born in or after July 2015 are eligible for the new part-time PL option in a … Difference-in-Differences strategy. We find that the policy increased the probability that high income mothers return to work …

Why do women experience a persistent drop in labor earnings upon becoming mothers, i.e. a "child penalty"? We study a … between mothers and similar women with no children. Mothers send 12.2% fewer job applications and are more selective regarding … applications are sent and highlight differences in the timing of job search. We find that mothers' rate of applications decreases …

imposes a greater mental health burden on mothers than on fathers. It creates a long-run gender gap in antidepressant … differential help-seeking behavior across the sexes or postpartum depression. Instead, they are related to mothers' higher … investments in childcare: Mothers who take extended maternity leave in quasi-experimental settings are more likely to face mental …

Increasing mothers' labour supply in a child's preschool years can cause a reduction in time investments that lead to a … negative direct effect on mid-childhood and teenage outcomes. But as mothers' work hours increase, income will rise. We ask … variation in both mothers' hours and family income in pre-school years. As expected we find a negative direct effect of an …

This paper assesses the short-run impact of first-year maternal employment on low-income children's cognitive … Birth cohort of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, the OLS results show that children of working mothers score higher …-of-youngest-child exemptions - as a source of quasi-experimental variation in maternal employment. The 1996 welfare reform law empowered states to …

Much research shows that breastfeeding provides short- and long-term health benefits for both mothers and their … children. However, few studies have yet investigated the factors which may promote or inhibit breastfeeding practices in Japan … mothers. Compared to mothers who leave their jobs after childbirth, mothers who return to work within a year after childbirth …

on adult children's labor market outcomes and the underlying mechanisms. In this paper, we use Danish administrative data … to examine the effects of losing a parent on individual labor market outcomes and its contribution to gender earnings … family support channels. Our findings reveal enduring negative effects on the earnings of both adult sons and daughters: sons …

, and working mothers are on a path toward a high-wage equilibrium, slow convergence can permanently lose earnings. We use … and labor earnings. We show how these dynamics are determined by the interplay between the supply and demand sides of the … labor market. The model can generate and explain the different dynamics of women's earnings after childbirth documented in …

, persistently large gender gaps in terms of labor supply, earnings, and representation in top jobs remain. Moreover, in countries … the role of children and show that many potential explanations for the remaining gender disparities in labor market … outcomes are related to the fact that children impose significantly larger penalties on the career trajectories of women …

the CPS, we describe trends in parents' employment and leave-taking after birth of a newborn and analyze the extent to … these expansions are correlated with employment and leave-taking for both mothers and fathers over this period. Our main … finding is that leave expansions have increased the amount of time that new mothers and fathers spend on leave, with effects …