rivals of a different affiliation. The overall patterns of conflict in continental Europe as well as those between the … military conquests in Europe significantly reduced intra-European feuds. -- cooperation ; conflict ; religion ; institutions …

ultimate determinants of conflict. However, fractionalization in all its demographic forms is endogenous in the long run. In … the relationship between fractionalization and the propensity of internal conflict statistically insignificant. Finally … ecclesiastical conflicts shows that religous fractionalization likely has negative effects on economic growth. -- Conflict ; religion …

fragmentation and conflict on international trafficking through internal and international displacements. -- ethnic fragmentation … ; conflict ; displaced persons ; human trafficking …

We introduce three variations of the Hirshleifer-Skaperdas conflict game to study experimentally the effects of post-conflict … altogether, often after substantial initial conflict. To attain peace, players must first engage in costly signaling by making …

partly spills over into the next period, by affecting relative conflict efficiency. Our model generates non …-monotone evolution of both conflict and distribution. Results suggest that external interventions, when effective in reducing current … conflict and protecting weaker groups, may end up sowing the seeds of greater future conflict. …

Previous studies have documented a positive association between election fraud and the intensity of civil conflict. It …-election casualties, which is consistent with the hypothesis that election fraud causes conflict. We conduct several robustness tests and …