variation within hierarchy levels, (2) promotion premiums only in part explain hierarchical wage differences and (3) external … recruitment is observable on nearly any hierarchy level. We explain these empirical puzzles by combining job-promotion tournaments … with higher-level bonus payments in a two-tier hierarchy. Moreover, we show that under certain conditions the firm …

production processes in different institutional environments are inspected. Convex wage profiles over the hierarchy levels of … intra-level wage inequality and yearly promotion rate. In contrast, wages are more distinctly attached to hierarchy levels …

in a business group hierarchy affects workers' wages. To acknowledge that ownership linkages are not onedirectional, we …

-sector workplaces in 32 countries, we document conditional correlations between ER and the depth of hierarchy that are consistent with … changes. Taken together, our findings suggest that ER increases the depth of firm hierarchy by facilitating the flow of …

industry, we focus on monetary rewards (bonus payments and wage increases), level of hierarchy and weekly working hours as well … of working hours, and some extent of hierarchy levels and monetary rewards. We find less evidence for our hypotheses …

leadership, morale and surprise, have continued to be important determinants of battle outcome despite technological progress in …