Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). We contribute to addressing this gap by exploring the patterns of … de-industrialization (Brazil, Russia and South Africa). China is the only country where an expanding manufacturing sector … China and the other BRICS. These differences are down to differences in industrial policy: in China industrial policy …

empirical support for a "forced linkage effect" from supplying multinational companies. Our findings hold controlling for other …. -- backward linkages ; multinational customers ; suppliers ; forced linkage ; productivity spillovers …

into account firm heterogeneity. We find support for the prediction that competition has a negative effect on innovation … are important channels for domestic firm innovation. We do not find support for the inverted U effect of competition on … innovation. There is partial support for the hypothesis that firms in a more pro-business environment invest more in innovation …

The paper examines the relationship between leverage and growth in a group of emerging central and eastern European … moderate leverage could boost growth while very high leverage could lower it by increasing the likelihood of financial distress … various firm, industry and financial market characteristics. We also endogenously determine a threshold level of leverage …