. In the late-nineteenth century, Australia had the highest incarceration rate of these nations. Today, the United States … has the highest rate. With the exception of Canada, incarceration rates have risen markedly since the mid-1980s. These new … series are made available in full, to allow other researchers to explore the consequences and causes of incarceration. …

increase in the Australian prison population does not seem to be due to crime rates, which have mostly declined over the past …Constructing a new series of incarceration rates from 1860 to 2018, I find that Australia now incarcerates a greater … the mid-1980s. Since 1985, the Australian incarceration rate has risen by 130 percent, and now stands at 0.22 percent of …

significant part of criminal peer exposure happens in prison, directly influenced by policymakers. This paper provides a broader … understanding of how peer effects shape criminal behavior among prison inmates, focusing on co-inmate impacts on recidivism and … criminal network formation. Using Norwegian register data on over 140,000 prison spells, we causally identify peer effects …

; homicide ; crime ; death penalty ; differences-in-differences ; murder ; deterrence …

Incarceration is a crucial part of the scholarly analysis of crime, but what happens inside penal institutions largely … NPS. The analysis exploits cross-prison variation in the initial size of the drug market and shows high-intensity NPS …

unexpected failure of a ballot initiative to expand the county jail. Using administrative data and local polynomial regression …

county jail populations, a moderate decline in the state prison population, a decrease in arrests for property and drug …We evaluate whether California's state proposition 47 impacted state violent and property crime rates. Passed by the …-level crime rates that exploit heterogeneity in the effects of the proposition on local criminal justice practices. We find little …

Does early release decrease or increase the probability that ex-convicts will return to prison? We exploit unique data … in instrumental variable estimations and find that early releases reduce the propensity of prisoners to return to prison …

-specific prison incarceration rates. We find very little evidence of an effect of the large reduction in incarceration rates on … research, the results from this study support the hypothesis of a crime-prison effect that diminishes with the scale of …We evaluate the effect of perhaps the largest exogenous decline in a state's incarceration rate in U.S. history on …