education in China appear to be zero. We estimate an instrumental variables fixed effects model where share of college graduates … is instrumented by the number of universities with special status and find positive external returns to education of … rural, men, and low-educated workers. This finding provides the motivation for increasing education investment in rural …

education over the working life of individuals. We find evidence that employees with tertiary education have steeper experience … profiles than employees with upper secondary or compulsory education. Hence, education provides not only an initial labor … in earnings growth by education are lower in countries with a higher level of corporatism and higher in countries which …

The purpose of this paper is to provide an update of the empirical evidence on the private returns to education in … Italy. First, we show that, whilst returns to education in Italy (based on gross wages) are in line with the European … marginal return to the marginal cost of education – we speculate that either marginal costs are steeper in Italy or that a …

We address the impact of education upon wage inequality by drawing on evidence from fifteen European countries, during … regressions of Mincer equations and analysing the differences in returns to education across the wage distribution and across time …. Four different patterns emerge: 1) a positive and increasing contribution of education upon within-levels wage inequality …

economic success goes both ways. Using data on the study of foreign languages during compulsory education in European countries …

Formal education is widely thought to be a major determinant of individual earnings. This paper uses the American … Community Survey to examine the effect of formal schooling on worker wages. Given the potential endogeneity of education …