In this paper we show that highly skilled undocumented migrants are more likely to return home than migrants with low … with the common wisdom on return decisions of legal migrants, according to which low-skill individuals are more likely to … go back home rather than highly skilled migrants. …

migrants and returnees. We construct measures of selection across skill groups and estimate the average and the skill …-specific premium for migration and return for three typical destinations of Romanian migrants after 1990. Once we account for migration … costs, we find evidence that the selection and sorting of migrants by skills is driven by different returns in countries of …

The objective of this paper is to analyse the role of migrants in innovation in Europe. We use Total Factor … migration and innovation at the sectoral level. This allows us to measure the direct contribution of migrants in the sector in … which they are actually employed. Moreover, it allows a distinction between the real contribution of migrants to innovation …

migrants we implement instrumental variable strategies using both two-stage least squares with external instruments and GMM … accordingly. Our results show that highly-educated migrants have a positive effect on innovation even if the effect is smaller …-tech sectors and among highly-educated migrants from other European countries. …

We test if migration leads to increased wages. We take the example of Polish migrants to the United Kingdom and focus … on the mobility of well educated Poles. We offer insights into absolute and relative change in wages of the migrants … are negligible or even insignificant for the highly skilled migrants from Poland to the UK. These results hold for both …

Speaking the language of the host country eases migrants' integration and tends to boost their economic success in the … migrate. In addition, conditional on being a migrant, the relation between language skills and migrants' integration and …