When do opposition groups decide to mount a terrorism campaign and when do they enter an open civil conflict against … the ruling government? This paper models an opposition group's choice between peace, terrorism, and open conflict …. Terrorism emerges if executive constraints are intermediate and rents are sizeable. Open conflict is predicted to emerge under …

people. These restrictions have negative economic consequences, possibly increasing the supply of political violence. To test … employment is more concentrated in these sectors, and (iii) episodes of political violence are more likely to occur in these …

output equation with a coefficient equal to the share of capital. The long run theory is tested using a new quarterly data … long run relations: an output equation as predicted by the theory and a standard real money demand equation with inflation … the world. We also find that the Iranian economy adjusts quite quickly to the shocks in foreign output and oil exports …

seizures, random mandatory drug test results, various measures of harm, violence, and causes of death. I first document a large … increase in NPS availability and an alarming correlation with the steep rise in harm and violence behind bars. I then evaluate … in violence, self-harm, and suicides following the law. Collectively, the findings suggest unwarranted responses to …