de-industrialization (Brazil, Russia and South Africa). China is the only country where an expanding manufacturing sector … Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). We contribute to addressing this gap by exploring the patterns of …

This paper shows that 19th-century industrialization is an important determinant of the significant changes in Germany …, economic ascent in the South. Exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in access to coal, we show that early industrialization … industrialization explains most of the decline in regional inequality observed in the 1960s and 1970s and about half of the current …

estimators and applying a battery of robustness checks. Industrialization in Africa is driven by historical legacies such as …This paper identifies the determinants of industrialization in 18 African countries, 1965 to 2018, using various …-shape relationship between industrialization and GDP per capita is consistent with (premature) de-industrialization. Technological change …

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is impacting on the industrialization options for Africa inter alia through … paper I set out the case for why Africa should industrialize. I then explore the opportunities and threats the 4IR pose for … Africa. Threats include job-losses and the re-shoring of manufacturing to advanced economies. Among the opportunities are …

possible, and moreover that the contribution of manufacturing in Africa has been underestimated. As far as the future is … concerned, African countries will in differing degrees experience three varieties of industrialization, all influenced by new … services now perform functions previously expected from manufacturing. A third variety of future industrialization is labelled …

they become leaders. -- FDI ; leaders' educational level ; return migration ; Africa …