induced by changes in wind across years, I show that higher levels of pollution lead to decreased agricultural productivity …, with large changes in productivity being common. The negative effects of pollution are larger in areas growing more labor …-intensive crops, indicating that the pollution works at least partly through direct effects on labor productivity. Finally, combining …

Climate change has increased rainfall uncertainty, leading to greater production risks in agriculture. We examine the … droughts, and are consequently unable to cope fully with the adverse agricultural productivity shock. Our findings can be …

productivity. In particular, we find that doubling agricultural credits generates around 4-5 percent increase in agricultural … productivity. We use two different agricultural production measures: (i) the agricultural component of GDP and (ii) agricultural … labor productivity. Employing a combination of panel-data and instrumental- variable methods, we show that agricultural …

This paper provides evidence of the long-run effects of a permanent increase in agricultural productivity on conflict … the period between 1400 and 1900 CE. For variation in permanent improvements in agricultural productivity, we exploit the …