This paper examines rates of return to schooling in Kazakhstan using OLS and instrumental variable (IV) methodologies … underestimate the true rates of return. The results indicate that the returns to schooling in Kazakhstan have increased with … transition. This may reflect the relative scarcities of highly educated people in Kazakhstan with human capital that employers …

from Bulgaria, Russia, Kazakhstan and Serbia in 2003, we show that the return to education is heterogeneous across the …

In this paper we analyze economic and spatial determinants of interregional migration in Kazakhstan using quarterly … should facilitate regional income convergence in Kazakhstan and improve living standards in depressed regions …. -- interregional migration ; Kazakhstan ; gravity model …

This paper investigates the economic returns to language skills and bilingualism. The analysis is staged in Kazakhstan …

formerly disadvantaged populations. Using one example of such policies - "Kazakhisation" in Kazakhstan - we investigate their …

investment? Can 'good economics' somehow offset the effects of 'bad' politics? Kazakhstan is a case where an autocratic regime …

(agriculture). Our focus is mainly on the costs associated with congestion and pollution as well the impact of under-priced energy … indicative estimates of the external costs of energy subsidies, as manifested in congestion and pollution. Our estimates using …