sorting. We find substantial heterogeneity in the effects of extreme temperature exposure on birth outcomes. In particular …

Sex ratios at birth shape populations and are linked to maternal health and gender discrimination. We estimate the … effect of prenatal temperature exposure on birth sex by linking data on 5 million births in 33 sub-Saharan African countries … and India with high-resolution temperature data. We find that days with a maximum temperature above 20°C reduce male …

-range of birth outcomes, including birth weight, gestational age and an indicator of general newborn health. We control for … of having a late birth and negatively affected newborn health - with the largest effects for earthquakes that occurred in … the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. Our estimates are similar when we focus on just the impact of the initial …

children's health at birth, subsequent maternal health and fertility, and longterm human capital outcomes of children. Our …Maternity leave policies are presumed to be essential to ensure the health of pregnant workers and their unborn … children. However, little is known about the optimal duration of prenatal maternity leave and existing policies are not …

overall health status at birth. These effects are mainly driven by pollution exposure during the third trimester of pregnancy …We investigate the impact of fetal exposure to air pollution on health outcomes at birth in Italy in the 2000s … of health at birth. …

fertility cost of temperature shocks by shifting conception month. This dynamic adjustment helps explain the observed decline in … on our analysis of historical changes in the temperature-fertility relationship, we conclude air conditioning could be … not a strictly binding constraint. To investigate whether such adjustments could apply to fertility, we estimate the …

during pregnancy. Moreover, those who did not use assisted reproductive technology present a higher prevalence of these … cold weather is more severe, and varies with mother's occupation, exhibiting a particularly strong positive association … with working in "education, training, and library" occupations. Remarkably, this relationship between season and weather …

exposure to violence during the first trimester of pregnancy leads to a small but precisely estimated increase in the risk of …, where violence is endemic and are particularly pronounced among children of poorly educated mothers, implying that violence … compounds the disadvantage that these children already suffer as a result of their households' lower socioeconomic status. …

-partum, whether the mother breastfed, and duration of breastfeeding. Association of income outcomes with maternal pre-pregnancy …

a reduction in the incidence of LBW and SGA, especially in the second trimester during pregnancy. This finding was …