We discuss and review literature on the macroeconomic effects of epidemics and pandemics since the late 20th century …: HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, influenza, and COVID-19. Although major epidemics and pandemics can take an enormous …

by 2036. European life expectancy also stalled after 2014. Still, the comparison with Europe suggests that mortality …-2018, mainly due to mortality declines among Black Americans. We examine age-specific mortality trends and racial gaps in life … in the U.S. than in Europe. In 1990 White Americans and Europeans in rich areas had similar overall life expectancy …

of mobility. Given the ever-present threat of new, future pandemics, how should permanent restrictions on mobility … predictions across four global pandemics in three different centuries: the influenza pandemics that began in 1889, 1918, 1957, and … with 1–2 weeks later arrival and no detectable reduction in final mortality. The case for permanent limits on international …

-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to show that early adoption of NPIs is correlated to lower infection and mortality rates. However, due to the …

and the associated rise in infectious diseases triggered a process of adaptation reducing mortality from infectious …

and compare two important components of those losses - increased mortality and higher poverty - using years of human life … pandemic. The mortality burden, whether estimated in lives or in years of life lost, increases sharply with GDP per capita. The … burden of the pandemic, relative to the mortality burden, is much higher for poor countries. The distribution of aggregate …

Using county-level data on COVID-19 mortality and infections, along with county-level information on the adoption of … mortality. Our estimates suggest that advancing the date of NPI adoption by one day lowers the COVID-19 death rate by 2 … lower non-COVID mortality, suggesting that these measures slowed contagion and the pace at which the healthcare system might …

This paper evaluates the global welfare consequences of increases in mortality and poverty generated by the Covid-19 … pandemic. Increases in mortality are measured in terms of the number of years of life lost (LY) to the pandemic. Additional … dominance of poverty over mortality is reversed in a counterfactual herd immunity scenario: without any policy intervention, LYs …