trend (purely external non-economic) as well as other exogenous (external economic) factors (technology shifters). We define … technology index based on the external economic factors which are indicators of ‘technology’. Thus our definition of production … function is amended to accommodate several technology shifters which are not separable from the traditional inputs. That is …

call technology shifters (economic factors). We use several composite technology indices based on appropriate combinations … of the external economic factors which are indicators of different aspects of technology. These technology indices are … specific external economic factors. Furthermore, the technology shifters allow for non-neutral and biased shifts in TC. We also …

compared with the western region. Foreign direct investment (FDI) and information and communication technology (ICT) investment …

the traditional production model where technology is represented by a time trend. TFP growth is decomposed into … unobservable technical change, scale economies and observable technology shifter index components. The empirical results are based … exogenous growth factors are used in modeling four technology shifter indices to explore development infrastructure, finances …

inventors are more prevalent in the first bulk of patents of a country in a given technology, as compared to patents filed at … later stages. We interpret these results as tangible evidence of migrants facilitating the technology-specific diffusion of …

, as a technology platform, can automate tasks previously performed by labor or create new tasks and activities in which …

impact of a one-to-one technology program implemented on a large scale over a multiyear period. With administrative school …