Two major earthquakes which struck northwestern Turkey in 1999 exposed rampant corruption involving construction and … zoning code violations. The government's relief efforts were tainted by corruption as well, and exhibited a great deal of … parties were responsible for the construction of the shoddy buildings, and for the corruption and mismanagement related to …

, and can be reduced through increased transparency and democratization. -- Turkey ; earthquake ; corruption ; election … sensitivity shown by the electorate to real and perceived corruption implies that corruption problem will be tractable in Turkey …The two major earthquakes which struck northwestern Turkey in 1999, not only caused enormous amounts of death …

accountability and reduce corruption. In this paper we show that electoral discipline may be ineffective in reducing corruption when … competition on corruption. We show that in equilibrium, corruption has a U-shaped relationship with electoral competition. If the … election is safe for the incumbent (low competition) or if it is extremely fragile (high competition) then corruption is higher …

measurement scales of global economic, political and social values and to assess Turkey's place on them. Our study, which is based … value development index ranks Morocco twelfth - just behind the USA. Turkey is ranked 25, ahead of several EU member … effective democracy, and there are very large regional differences, confirming the dictum by Huntington (1996) about Turkey as a …

Using a unique survey of adults in Turkey, we find that an increase in educational attainment, due to an exogenous …