We study the surprisingly low level and stagnation of female labor force participation rates in urban India between … demand side, employment in sectors appropriate for educated women grew less than the supply of educated workers, leading many …

middle-income economies: Bolivia, Brazil, India, Indonesia, Jordan, South Africa, Tanzania, and Vietnam. In order to … linear (Brazil and South Africa) to being U- or J-shaped (India, Jordan, and Indonesia), or a mixture of both (Bolivia …

Indonesian Family Life Survey to track the employment histories of over 9,000 women across a period of more than 20 years … labour market as a result of marriage and childbearing. The difficulty of maintaining formal sector employment emerges as a … thereafter by 3.6 percentage points. Further, to the extent that women do return to work, formal sector employment is associated …

., that women's participation is falling due unavailability of steady gainful employment. The high unemployment rate and … industry-wise composition of total employment provide suggestive evidence that women's participation is falling as women are … likely to be displaced from employment by male workers. We show that women's employment is likely to suffer more than men …

stagnant employment creation from 2004-05 onwards. Our analysis suggests that India needs to focus on creating rural non …Mainstream literature attributes the decline in female labour force participation rate (FLFPR) in India between 2004 … labour demand. We find that female employment is highly responsive to local labour demand, but not male employment. The …

We examine whether the COVID-19 crisis affects women and men differently in terms of employment, working hours and … as others, irrespective of gender and spousal employment. Third, single-parent essential workers experience relatively …

use life history data from West Germany to show that war widowhood increased women's employment immediately after World … War II but led to lower employment rates later in life. War widows, therefore, carried a double burden of employment and …