call technology shifters (economic factors). We use several composite technology indices based on appropriate combinations … of the external economic factors which are indicators of different aspects of technology. These technology indices are … specific external economic factors. Furthermore, the technology shifters allow for non-neutral and biased shifts in TC. We also …

the traditional production model where technology is represented by a time trend. TFP growth is decomposed into … unobservable technical change, scale economies and observable technology shifter index components. The empirical results are based … exogenous growth factors are used in modeling four technology shifter indices to explore development infrastructure, finances …

highlighted within the UK Government's framework for Science & Technology. -- Cooperation for innovation ; technological …

, in contrast, that σ is affected by both globalization and technology, and that different intensities in these drivers … with the level of technology. Although results for the non-OECD area are more heterogeneous, we find that technology … Cobb-Douglas technology). Given the relevance of σ for economic growth and the functional distribution of income, the …