The supply of women into senior management has changed little despite well-intentioned efforts. We argue that the … biggest effect is from supply-side factors that inhibit females' decision to enter competitions: Women are under …-confident about winning, men are over-confident; women are more risk averse than men in some settings; and, most importantly, women …

Women typically earn less than men. The reasons are not fully understood. Previous studies argue that this may be … because (i) women 'don't ask' and (ii) the reason they fail to ask is out of concern for the quality of their relationships at …. Using matched employer-employee data from 2013-14, the paper finds that the women-don't-ask account is incorrect. Once an …

closes because women's wages rise with the share female managers in the workplace while men's wages fall. Panel and … proposition that women are more likely to be paid equitably when managers have discretion in the way they reward performance and … those managers are women. These findings suggest a stronger presence of women in managerial positions can help tackle the …

share of women on supervisory boards for 111 German publicly listed and fully codetermined companies (i.e. those which are … interpret this as an overall indication that women are not only underrepresented in German supervisory boards, they are even … more underrepresented in important board positions. Indeed, women are less likely to become a chairman and are less often …

Gender gaps in leadership roles may be reduced by increasing the number of women in career stages that typically … precede high-status positions. This can occur by increasing the supply of experienced women, inspiring new female candidates … for these positions, and/or changing beliefs about women as leaders. In this study, we investigate whether and how adding …

the likelihood of women being elected to state legislatures in India. We show that the program increased voter … prioritization of leader competence over gender, boosting the share of women among candidates and state parliamentarians and the …

We develop a framework for quantifying barriers to labor force participation (LFP) and entrepreneurship faced by women … women entrepreneurs. However, there is one area in which female entrepreneurs have an advantage: the hiring of female …. Counterfactual simulations indicate that removing all excess barriers faced by women entrepreneurs would substantially increase the …

This paper provides an overview of what has happened over the past fifty years for women as they worked to break … through professional barriers in economics, policy, and institutional leadership. We chart the progress of women in higher … education at the college level and beyond and then go on to examine women's representation at the upper levels of academia …