information? We address these questions using a survey experiment in Italy, which randomly exposes around 7,000 participants to (i …

the most suffered the biggest loss in confidence in institutions, particularly in trust in government and the financial …We document that trust in public institutions "and particularly trust in banks, business and government" has declined … sector. Finally, analysis of several repeated cross-sections of confidence within U.S. states yields similar qualitative …

The confirmation bias is a well-known form of motivated reasoning that serves to protect an individual from cognitive …. Because there is often systematic thought involved in generating the confirmation bias, deliberation tends to promote this … behavioral bias. Nevertheless, the importance of negative emotion in triggering the need for this bias is underappreciated. This …

simple theoretical framework and an experiment to show that enhanced cognitive abilities may lead to better policy choices …

model. Third, we run an experiment to test the model's main predictions in a context where the researcher knows the true …

between liberals and conservatives are up to 4.4 times smaller in their behavior than in judging the government's crisis …