We provide the first analysis of racial in-group bias in Type-I and Type-II errors. Using player-referee matched data … from NBA games we show that there is no overall racial bias or in-group bias in foul calls made by referees. Similarly …, there is no racial bias or in-group bias in Type-I errors (incorrect foul calls). On the other hand, there is significant in …

The paper presents the economic literature on gender bias, illustrating the underpinnings in the psychology of bias and … on methods to contrast bias presenting evidence (where it exists) of their effectiveness. The second part of the paper … presents results of an experiment in revealing unconscious bias. …

Most definitions of algorithmic bias and fairness encode decisionmaker interests, such as profits, rather than the … interests of disadvantaged groups (e.g., racial minorities): Bias is defined as a deviation from profit maximization. Future … slippages between statistical notions of bias and misclassification errors, economic notions of profit, and normative notions of …

Climate change has stimulated growing interest in the influence of temperature on cognition, mood and decision making …

-to-observe student behavior or bias, in which treatment for the same behavior varies by student race or ethnicity. We provide evidence … for the presence of bias using statewide administrative data that contain rich details on individual disciplinary … infractions. Two complementary empirical strategies identify bias in suspension outcomes. The first uses within-incident variation …