students in the California Community College System, the largest higher-education system in the country. Enrollment dropped … precipitously during the pandemic - the total number of enrolled students fell by 11 percent from fall 2019 to fall 2020 and by … another 7 percent from fall 2020 to fall 2021. The California Community College system lost nearly 300,000 students over this …

effects were substantial for students at California Community Colleges, the largest higher education system in the country … outcomes of these students through the first four semesters after it started. Consistent with national trends, enrollment … dropped precipitously during the pandemic - the total number of enrolled students fell by 11 percent from fall 2019 to fall …

School closures, forced by the COVID-19 crisis in many countries, impacted on children's lives and their learning …. Distant learning solutions adopted by schools have been heterogeneous over countries, within countries and between school … levels. As a consequence, most of the burden of children's learning fell on their parents, with likely uneven results …

natural disasters. This paper provides some of the first experimental evidence on strategies to minimize learning loss when … support their child. The combined treatment cost-effectively improves learning by 0.12 standard deviations. We develop remote … assessment innovations, which show robust learning outcomes. Our findings have immediate policy relevance and long …

to estimate learning losses. It models the effect of school closures on achievement by predicting the deviation of the …. Scores declined by an average of 14 percent of a standard deviation, roughly equal to seven months of learning. Losses were … greater for students in schools that faced relatively longer closures, boys, immigrants, and disadvantaged students …

Many university students depend on employment during their studies. The closing of universities and the loss of many … German university, we analyze changes in students' income and its composition throughout the different phases of the pandemic …. Students' job income declined by 66% (total income by 19%), on average, during the first lockdown. There was a quick recovery …

learning. This paper investigates the impact produced by this shift on students' performance. We use administrative data of … four cohorts of students enrolled in an Italian University and adopt a difference-in-differences strategy exploiting the … face-to-face in the first semester. We compare students' performance in the second semester of 2020 with their performance …

2020, we randomized 551 West Point students in a required Introductory Economics course across twelve instructors to either … an online or in-person class. Final grades for online students dropped by 0.215 standard deviations; a result apparent in … both assignments and exams and largest for academically at-risk students. A post-course survey finds that online students …

We evaluate the causal effect of class size (i.e., number of students in a classroom) on incidence of class closure due … to flu epidemic in 2015, 2016, and 2017, applying an instrumental variable method with the Maimonides rule to … administrative data of public primary and middle school students in one of the largest municipalities within the City of Tokyo …

conditional independence assumption and estimation is implemented using a recent double machine learning estimator. The study … sensitivity of estimates to tuning parameter choices in the machine learning part? (ii) How to assess covariate balancing in high …