referring to the above developments. -- Development economics ; information and communication technology ; foreign direct … investment ; globalization ; outsourcing ; technology ; capability ; energy ; trade flows ; inequality and poverty ; technology …

trend (purely external non-economic) as well as other exogenous (external economic) factors (technology shifters). We define … technology index based on the external economic factors which are indicators of ‘technology’. Thus our definition of production … function is amended to accommodate several technology shifters which are not separable from the traditional inputs. That is …

call technology shifters (economic factors). We use several composite technology indices based on appropriate combinations … of the external economic factors which are indicators of different aspects of technology. These technology indices are … specific external economic factors. Furthermore, the technology shifters allow for non-neutral and biased shifts in TC. We also …

compared with the western region. Foreign direct investment (FDI) and information and communication technology (ICT) investment …

the traditional production model where technology is represented by a time trend. TFP growth is decomposed into … unobservable technical change, scale economies and observable technology shifter index components. The empirical results are based … exogenous growth factors are used in modeling four technology shifter indices to explore development infrastructure, finances …

This paper discusses the occurrence of Skill-Enhancing Technology Import (SETI), namely the relationship between … imports of embodied technology and widening skill-based employment differentials in a sample of low and middle income … countries (LMICs). In doing so, this paper provides a direct measure of technology transfer at the sector level from high income …

This paper examines international technology transfers using firm-level data across 43 developing countries. Our … findings show that exporting and importing activities are important channels for the transfer of technology. Majority foreign … interpret this finding as evidence that the technology transferred from multinational parents to majority-owned subsidiaries is …

various dimensions of upgrading - learning, quality upgrading, technology adoption, and product innovation. The second part …