We study the effect of exposure to communism (EC), a political-economic regime based on collectivist planning, on … variation in EC in a large sample of Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC). Against the backdrop that 'communism gives …, suggesting that (raising uncertainty and adversity during) communism increased the demand for all types of available insurance. …

After the collapse of Communism in Central and Eastern Europe, former party members were particularly likely to start …

This paper studies the long-term consequences of communism on present-day freedom of expression values in two settings … German separation and later reunification, we show that living under communism has had lasting effects on free speech …

Using data for 22 economies in Eastern and Western Europe, we find evidence that having studied under communism is … Republic. We also find that post-secondary education acquired under communism yields higher, not lower, payoffs than similar …

Communism was a two-edged sword for the trustees of the former regime. Communist party members and their relatives …

described as a natural experiment to study the enduring effects of communism. We show in three steps that the populations in …