quantitatively different from those in existing government and consumer payment systems. A well-functioning CBDC will require an … analysis, but flexible enough to accommodate current and future functional requirements and use cases. A CBDC will also in some …, we enumerate the fundamental technical design challenges facing CBDC designers, with a particular focus on performance …

We analyze three related but distinct concepts concerning the renminbi's role in the global monetary system: (i … changes for the balance and sustainability of China's own economic development as well as the associated implications for the … global monetary system. While China is actively promoting the internationalization of its currency, it is a long way from …

central bank money. The key differences between cash and central bank digital currency (CBDC) include transaction efficiency …, possibilities for tax evasion, and, potentially, nominal rates of return. We establish conditions under which cash and CBDC can co …-exist and show how government policies can in uence relative holdings of cash, CBDC, and other assets. We illustrate how a CBDC …

We analyze shifts in the structure of China's capital outflows over the past decade. The composition of gross outflows … enormous pool of domestic savings could have a significant impact on global financial markets as China continues to open up its … foreign portfolio allocations, Chinese IIs overweight sectors in which China has a comparative disadvantage. Moreover, Chinese …