We use small Italian regions (i.e. provinces) to investigate the causal effect of foreign immigration on innovation …

that emerged from a number of studies for Germany and other countries: Entry rates differ between regions, and the … for 10.000 persons from a recent representative survey of the population in ten German planning regions, the Regional … entrepreneurial experience, who live in more densely populated and faster growing regions with higher rates of new firm formation …

healthcare organisational models among Italian regions, which makes Italy an ideal "laboratory". Within a common national … healthcare system, Italian regions are allowed large autonomy to organise themselves as mixed-markets based on choice and …'s municipalities with that of neighbouring municipalities in other regions and also exploited the pre-crisis period (2017-2019). Our …

differentials are ceteris paribus relatively well aligned across regions. …

, accounting for two-thirds of the achievement variation across Italian regions and one-third across U.S. states. Results also hold …

firm formation exhibit hysteresis, such that shocks, including those induced by temporary policy interventions, have … of new opportunity and new necessity entrepreneurship for the 17 Spanish regions. To test whether exogenous shocks have … deterministic breaks. We also present results for the different Spanish regions and industrial sectors. We find that hysteresis is …