This paper empirically investigates the relationship between corruption and the emigration of those with high, medium … and low levels of educational attainment. The empirical results indicate that as corruption increases the emigration rate … levels of educational attainment, however, increases at initial levels of corruption and then decreases beyond a certain …

This paper analyzes the influence of the shadow economy on corruption and vice versa. We hypothesize that corruption … that the shadow economy reduces corruption in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. We … also find that stricter regulations increase both corruption and the shadow economy. -- corruption ; shadow economy …

The relationship between corruption and the shadow economy is not clear. Theoretically, they either substitute or … two latent variables - extracts information on various dimensions of corruption and the shadow economy to contribute to … corruption. The results show that the shadow economy influences corruption more than corruption influences the shadow economy …

entrepreneur. We focus on the size of the government, on freedom from corruption, and on 'market freedom' defined as a cluster of … extent of corruption. A cluster of institutional indicators representing 'market freedom' is only significant in some … specifications. Freedom from corruption is significantly related to entrepreneurial entry, especially when the richest countries are …

municipalities where mayors are in their final term, there is significantly more corruption compared to similar municipalities where …Political corruption is a concern of many modern democracies. It weakens democratic institutions, restricts public … determines corruption is limited. This paper uses a novel dataset of political corruption in local governments, constructed from …

of corruption across municipalities and controlling for student, school, and municipal characteristics, we find a … municipalities where corruption in education was detected score 0.35 standard deviations less on standardized tests, and have …This paper examines if money matters in education by looking at whether missing resources due to corruption affect …

Habsburg affiliation increases current trust and reduces corruption in courts and police. Falsification tests of spuriously …. -- Habsburg Empire ; trust ; corruption ; institutions ; borders …