. Economic theory suggests that the impact of exchange rates should vary with the degree of exposure to international competition … and with the technology level. This paper contributes by bringing together these two views, both theoretically and … empirically. We show that both the degree of openness and the technology level mediate the impact of exchange rate movements on …

call technology shifters (economic factors). We use several composite technology indices based on appropriate combinations … of the external economic factors which are indicators of different aspects of technology. These technology indices are … specific external economic factors. Furthermore, the technology shifters allow for non-neutral and biased shifts in TC. We also …

This paper proposes a theoretical framework to analyze the impacts of credit and technology shocks on business cycle … different realizations of firm specific technology shocks, possible leading to default by some firms. The paper advances a new … financial institutions in the transmission of credit and technology shocks to the real economy. A positive credit shock, defined …

the traditional production model where technology is represented by a time trend. TFP growth is decomposed into … unobservable technical change, scale economies and observable technology shifter index components. The empirical results are based … exogenous growth factors are used in modeling four technology shifter indices to explore development infrastructure, finances …

This paper presents theory and evidence showing that institutional reforms in developing countries can effectively …

and trade data from Chinese customs provide support to our proposed theory, thus shedding light on the changes in firm …