mediating pathways for the average male randomly picked from the population. Contrary to the arguments that war fosters … foster cooperative behaviors but promotes parochialism. Further analyses show war-driven grievances, the normalization of …

from over 40 countries: individual exposure to war violence tends to increase social cooperation at the local level …, including community participation and prosocial behavior. Thus while war has many negative legacies for individuals and … reanalyze the emerging body of evidence, and weigh alternative explanations. There is some indication that war violence …

The dissolution of the Soviet Union and 1992-96 Tajik civil war resulted in huge human and economic losses …

civil war, validated measures of mental health and risk preferences, and a rich set of control variables. Our estimation …

Greece experienced a devastating civil war in 1946-1949. This led to many deaths, economic losses, and severe … schooling, showing that for those affected by the civil war, the returns to schooling are higher than the corresponding least …

Important gaps remain in the understanding of the economic consequences of civil war. Focusing on the conflict in …. Distinguishing between civil war and genocide, the findings also provide evidence that these returns, and by implication the process … of recovery, depend on the form of violence. -- civil war ; economic growth ; Rwanda ; human capital …

We analyze long-term impacts of the 1967-1970 Nigerian Civil War, providing the first evidence of intergenerational … impacts. Women exposed to the war in their growing years exhibit reduced adult stature, increased likelihood of being … impacts of war exposure on education. War exposed men marry later and have fewer children. War exposure of mothers (but not …

When do opposition groups decide to mount a terrorism campaign and when do they enter an open civil conflict against … the ruling government? This paper models an opposition group's choice between peace, terrorism, and open conflict …. Terrorism emerges if executive constraints are intermediate and rents are sizeable. Open conflict is predicted to emerge under …