market economy and democracy. Our results show that the five best ranked countries are all western democracies. Our global … effective democracy, and there are very large regional differences, confirming the dictum by Huntington (1996) about Turkey as a … advised to continue to support civil society and secular democracy in Turkey. …

: judiciary, bureaucracy, and competition policy. To test our framework, we introduce a new panel of institutional reform measures …

. First, we conduct a difference-in-differences analysis to compare changes in the probability of working in bureaucracy after … points more likely to work in bureaucracy, and that positive selection on human capital can explain only 12-25 percent of … the campaign, or changes in perceptions of bureaucracy. …

individual commitment across citizens to defend democracy against a potential military coup, and it is an endogenous state … and the state. Parents invest resources in order to transmit their own political values (commitment to democracy) to their … between political regimes and political culture diffusion. Consolidated democracy emerges when sufficiently many people are …

of democracy in his country during his tenure. This effect is shown to be independent from the leader's education level …, as well as from his profession. Moreover, it is mainly driven by countries with a poor initial level of democracy. These …

democracy than South Korean subjects. Attitudes toward institutions are more strongly associated with the experimental behaviors …

and surveys, we show that individuals with longer exposure to democracy display stronger support for democratic … and focusing on immigrants' exposure to democracy before migration. In all cases, the timing and nature of the effects are …