Reflect on the escape from a stagnant or Malthusian system. If this transformation is propelled by human capital, it should be spearheaded by individuals possessing elevated human capital. To explore this hypothesis, we investigate the connection between family size and human capital among...

There have been many studies estimating the causal effect of an additional year of education on earnings. The majority employ administrative changes in the minimum school leaving age as the mechanism allowing identification. Here we survey 66 such estimates. However, remarkably, while the...

We examine the emergence and consequences of urban slums along a country's path to urbanization. Based on salient evidence from Brazilian labor, housing, and education markets, we study the interaction of slums with structural transformation and inequality. Urban slums are an intergenerational...