On Sunday 20 June 1948, the Deutsche Mark was swapped against the Reichsmark and became immediately used in all transactions and evicted all others means of payment. This success was associated with a massive upsurge of consumption and productivity, all things that were predicted by the money...

We document a housing portfolio channel of quantitative easing (QE) transmission exploiting variation in German household data in a difference-in-differences setting around QE adoption in 2015. We find that QE encourages households with larger initial bond positions to rebalance more toward...