In the last decades, the US has seen narrowing gender employment, wage, and education gaps. The labor market has also …-college occupations, and (2) women have less brawn than men. Skill requirements provide the micro foundation for gender … reversal of the gender education gap and three-quarters of the closing wage gap. …

Do gender disparities in academia reflect that female scholars are held to higher standards than males? We address this … makes the same career step. In most domains, this reflects a gender gap for "marginal" scholars, consistent with lower merit …