If social outcomes have social causation, mothers and fathers in different societies will have different effects on child outcomes. Social mobility rates on the patriline will differ from that on the matriline. From an extensive family lineage of 426,552 persons in England 1650-2023 we estimate...

We study the dynamics between intra-household bargaining and parental time-intensive investments in children. We combine novel measures of verbal investments and beliefs about the returns to investment for both parents with hyper-local variation in female bargaining power stemming from...