convergence. We apply three approaches to convergence – beta-convergence, sigma-convergence and quantile-convergence (q-convergence … check if countries of the given sample tend to form convergence clubs in the relevant years. The analysis is run for the …

, their wholesale national gas markets are highly heterogeneous. We study the determinants of cross-country convergence of … pairwise, relative and σ-convergence. We show that there is evidence of pairwise price convergence and that some key … the existence of a convergence process. This result carries over to the notion of σ-convergence and is robust to a number …

and simulate energy intensity based on a conditional convergence approach, and show how based on the results the long …

estimation of a conditional convergence model. In general, reliance on natural resource exports slows growth, but we find that …

In this paper, the process of productivity convergence is investigated for the enlarged European Union using regional … control for spatial effects. All specifications confirm the presence of convergence with an annual speed between 3 and 3 … in the speed of convergence across the regions, where a higher speed is striking in particular in France and the UK …