Germany in the eighties and nineties. Special emphasis is given to the separation of permanent and transitory components, the … that 52 to 69 percent of income inequality in West Germany were due to permanent differences between individuals and that … poor individuals stayed in poverty for two years on average. In East Germany, the contribution of the permanent component …

formerly socialist (rather gender-equal) East Germany and the capitalist (rather gender-traditional) West Germany shaped … couples in West (but not East) Germany diminished the wife’s labor market outcomes in order to avoid situations where she … would earn more than him. However, the significance of the male breadwinner prescription seems to decline in West Germany …