circular migration as it is manifested by the frequency of exits of migrants living in Germany, and by the number of years … Germany, the largest European immigration country, are indeed repeat migrants. The findings indicate that immigrants from … and to stay out of Germany for longer. Males exit more frequently than females but do not differ in the time spent out …

Germany, gradually over time and across federal states. These law changes allow one to investigate the causal impact of years … outcome measures. However, when exogenous increase in schooling through law changes is used, there is no evidence of a causal … effect running from schooling to citizenship in Germany. …

approach is exemplified by Germany, where the federal division of labor allows the lower levels of government very little …

two different -and equally interesting- features of the revolution: the determinants of participation (both in the … participation). We consider different drivers of participation, from traditional proxies for opportunities and grievances, but we … connectivity. What emerges from this study is a more nuanced pattern of participation that does not link uniquely to a single …

-employment in Germany. For the estimation I apply a microsimulation model which is based on the tax-benefit model STSM and on …