This paper estimates the causal effects of parental education on their children's risky health behaviours and health …. Instrumental variable estimates and difference-in-differences estimates reveal that increases in maternal schooling reduce children … children's education and improvements in their peer environment early in life are important for explaining the effects. Changes …

development and socio-economic development gaps. For children born before January 1, 2007, parental leave benefits were means …-tested and paid for up to 24 months after childbirth. For children born thereafter, parental leave benefits were earnings …-related and only paid for up to 14 months. Higher-income households benefited more from the reform than low-income households. We …

societies. Adopting a double-generation perspective, we investigate the causal impact of this care mode on children's health …-specific effects, taking into account counterfactual care modes. Our results suggest null or negative effects on children's outcomes …: If children three years and older are in full-time daycare or school and, in addition, cared for by grandparents, they …

obesity. There is some evidence, however, that high income children are better able to cope with the adverse consequences of …We use newly available data from Germany to study the relationship between parental income and child health. We find a … strong gradient between parental income and subjective child health as has been documented earlier in the US, Canada and the …

Do increased instruction hours improve the performance of all students? Using PISA scores of students in ninth grade …) overalmost five years. In the additional time, students are taught new learning content. On average, the reform improves student …-performing students do not benefit, high-performing students benefit the most. The findings suggest that increases in instruction hours …

The previous literature has shown that children who enter school at a more advanced age outperform their younger …

We examine the impact of family income during childhood on the type of secondary school that German children attend, a …-born German children and non-existent for children from guestworker households. Income effects are also small relative to the … late-childhood income is a more important determinant of outcomes than early-childhood income, and income effects are not …

children of less-educated or foreign-born parents benefit most from day care, making it important to understand the causes of …We document day care enrolment gaps by family background for children under 3 in Germany. Research demonstrates that …

effects prevail even after ontrolling for labour market and income-related factors. The findings are pronounced in Germany and …

distance between adult children and elderly parents. Given current population trends, understanding how different … estimate the causal effect of sibship size on the geographic distance between older parents and adult children by using a large … responsibility of care for older parents to be shared among more siblings, possibly decreasing individual involvement and relaxing …